Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized condition characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass, reduced muscle strength, and the decline of physical performance. In recent years, it has emerged as an important topic in both clinical and research settings, particularly due to its implications for frailty, disability, risk of falls, and mortality in older population. Type 2 diabetes is the chronic conditions most strongly associated with the development of sarcopenia. This review examines the most updated diagnostic definitions of sarcopenia, explores the main scientific evidence describing the pathophysiological link between diabetes and sarcopenia and the clinical consequences of this association and the available strategies for prevention and treatment.